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The choice of the right caliber depends on precision, energy transfer, recoil, ammunition availability, and legal requirements. Here are the five best calibers for shots at long distances:
- 6.5 Creedmoor: Precise, low recoil, up to 1,000 m range. Ideal for sport shooters and small game.
- 6.5 PRC: Higher energy and range (up to 1,200 m), but stronger recoil.
- .308 Winchester: Classic for distances up to 1,000 m, moderate recoil, widely available.
- .300 Winchester Magnum: High energy and range (up to 1,200 m), suitable for large game.
- .338 Lapua Magnum: Leader for extreme distances (1,500+ m), very strong recoil.
Comparison Table:
| Caliber | Range | Recoil | Ammunition Cost (€) | Suitable for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6.5 Creedmoor | Up to 1,000 m | Low | 2.00–3.50 | Small game, sport |
| 6.5 PRC | Up to 1,200 m | Medium | 3.00–5.00 | Aspiring hunters |
| .308 Winchester | Up to 1,000 m | Medium | 1.50–2.50 | Medium game |
| .300 Win. Magnum | Up to 1,200 m | High | 3.00–5.00 | Large game |
| .338 Lapua Magnum | 1,500+ m | Very high | 6.00–10.00 | Extreme distances |
Tip: Test your weapon and ammunition at the desired shooting distance and pay attention to the legal minimum requirements for energy and game species in Germany.
1240 Meters with the Sauer 505 in caliber 6.5 PRC - Long Range Seminar Jagdgut Willenbach
How to Choose the Right Caliber for Long Shots
Choosing the right caliber for long shots is a mix of technique, experience, and practical considerations. It's not just about pure performance, but also factors like precision, recoil, and ammunition availability.
Precision and Distance
The precision at various distances is a central factor in caliber selection. A caliber that performs excellently at 100 meters may struggle at 300 or 500 meters. Thicker match barrels often prove to be more precise at distances over 200 meters than thinner hunting barrels.
Heavy varmint rifles excel at 300 meters with better precision compared to lighter hunting rifles. For example: A Remington with RWS Target Elite ammunition (.223 Rem.) achieved a shot group of 78 mm at 300 meters.
It is important to test your weapon at the desired distance. Loadings that work well at 100 meters do not automatically yield the same results at 300 meters. In addition to precision, energy transfer also plays a crucial role.
Power and Impact
The energy transfer determines which game can be safely taken at which distance. Calibers like the .300 Winchester Magnum and the .338 Lapua Magnum retain enough energy at long distances to take large game.
However, too much energy at short distances can be problematic. It can cause the bullet not to deform completely, making it difficult to utilize the game meat. In comparison, the .30-06 offers more muzzle energy and range than the .308 Winchester, making it particularly suitable for larger game species and longer shots.
Recoil and Control
The recoil affects not only your precision but also the shot sequence and follow-up observation. Strong recoil can trigger unwanted movements that worsen the hit pattern. Modern calibers like the 6.5 Creedmoor or the 6.5 PRC offer a flat trajectory with moderate recoil.
Heavy rifles help to better control recoil, which is crucial for consistent precision in long-range shots. For beginners, calibers with lower recoil are a good choice as they are easier to handle. In addition to recoil, the availability of ammunition and legal requirements also play a role.
Ammunition Availability and Legal Requirements
Common calibers like the .308 Winchester and the .30-06 are not only easier to obtain in Germany but are also often cheaper. It is important to observe the legal minimum requirements: For roe deer, at least 2,000 joules at 100 meters are required, and for red deer even 3,000 joules.
On platforms like Gunfinder, you can compare long-range ammunition and ensure it meets legal requirements.
The barrel length also affects performance: While the .308 Winchester delivers good results even in shorter barrels (46–51 cm), the .30-06 reaches its full potential in longer barrels. Magnum calibers, on the other hand, often require barrels over 60 cm to achieve maximum performance.
The Top 5 Calibers for Long Shots
Here we take a look at the key characteristics of the leading calibers for long-range shooting. Each caliber has its own strengths and weaknesses that you should consider in your selection.
6.5 Creedmoor
The 6.5 Creedmoor is a popular choice among precision shooters. It scores with high accuracy, a flat trajectory, and moderate recoil.
Advantages:
- Precise, even in wind and changing weather conditions – ideal for competitive shooters.
- Excellent for sport long-range shooting and increasingly for hunting medium game.
- Effective range: up to 1,000 meters.
Disadvantages:
- Limited energy, therefore less suitable for large game.
- Higher pressures lead to a shorter barrel life.
- Cost: approx. 1.50–3.00 € per shot; weapon prices start at around 1,000 €.
The 6.5 PRC offers more muzzle velocity in comparison.
6.5 PRC
The 6.5 PRC (Precision Rifle Cartridge) is the more powerful sister of the 6.5 Creedmoor. With about 100–150 m/s higher muzzle velocity, it is suitable for extreme distances of up to 1,200 meters.
Advantages:
- Even flatter trajectory and more energy on target – ideal for ambitious long-range shooters and hunters.
- Sub-MOA groupings at distances of 1,200 meters.
Disadvantages:
- Stronger recoil and faster barrel wear.
- Higher costs: 2.50–4.00 € per shot; weapons from approx. 1,200 €.
However, the .308 Winchester remains a tried-and-true choice for many hunters.
.308 Winchester
The .308 Winchester is a classic among calibers and is one of the most popular in Germany. It is often used for hunting deer and wild boar at distances of 300 to 600 meters.
Advantages:
- Reliable for medium to large game.
- Moderate recoil.
- Works well in shorter barrels (46–51 cm).
- Ammunition costs: about 1.20–2.50 € per shot; weapon prices from about 800 €.
Disadvantages:
- Less suitable for extreme long-range shots than more modern calibers.
For shots at even greater distances, the .300 Winchester Magnum offers more power.
.300 Winchester Magnum
The .300 Winchester Magnum is a proven caliber for long-distance hunting and use against large game. With an effective range of up to 1,200 meters and a muzzle energy of about 4,000 joules, it is particularly powerful.
Advantages:
- High energy and flat trajectory – ideal for mountain hunts and international hunting trips.
- Successful applications in mountain hunting in the Alps with shots over 600 meters demonstrate its strength.
- Popular in Africa, Scandinavia, the USA, and Germany.
Disadvantages:
- Strong recoil and high ammunition prices (2.50–5.00 € per shot).
- Magnum calibers often require barrels over 60 cm for maximum performance.
- Weapon prices start at around 1,200 €.
For absolute extreme distances, there is no way around the .338 Lapua Magnum.
.338 Lapua Magnum
The .338 Lapua Magnum is the caliber for the longest distances. It is used for shots beyond 1,500 meters and is particularly sought after by professionals, the military, and experienced long-range shooters.
Advantages:
- Outstanding range and penetration power, ideal for professional applications.
- No other caliber achieves comparable performance at extreme distances.
Disadvantages:
- Very strong recoil and high ammunition costs (5.00–10.00 € per shot).
- Weapon prices start at around 2,500 €; availability is also more limited.
A comprehensive selection of ammunition and weapons for these calibers can be found on Gunfinder, where you can compare prices from various suppliers.
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Caliber Comparison Table
To help you decide which caliber is suitable for you, we have summarized the key characteristics of the five calibers in a compact table. This gives you a quick overview of which caliber fits your requirements.
| Caliber | Precision | Effective Range | Muzzle Energy | Recoil | Availability | Ammunition Cost |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6.5 Creedmoor | High | ~1,000 m | ~3,000 Joules | Low | Good | 2.00–3.50 € |
| 6.5 PRC | Very high | ~1,200 m | ~3,500–3,800 Joules | Medium | Medium | 3.00–5.00 € |
| .308 Winchester | High | ~800–1,000 m | ~3,500–3,600 Joules | Medium | Very good | 1.50–2.50 € |
| .300 Win. Magnum | High | ~1,200 m | ~4,300–4,700 Joules | High | Good | 3.00–5.00 € |
| .338 Lapua Magnum | Very high | ~1,500+ m | ~6,000 Joules | Very high | Medium | 6.00–10.00 € |
The table gives you a quick overview of the pros and cons of the calibers. Additionally, here are some helpful tips for selection:
Recoil: Magnum calibers like the .300 Win. Magnum and the .338 Lapua Magnum produce a noticeably stronger recoil. For precise shooting, additional equipment like muzzle brakes may be useful to reduce recoil.
Availability: The .308 Winchester is available almost everywhere and is thus one of the best options for hunters and sport shooters who rely on a reliable supply. More exotic calibers like 6.5 PRC and .338 Lapua Magnum are less common. Here, a price and supplier comparison, e.g., via Gunfinder, can help.
Muzzle Energy: The energy value of a caliber indicates which game it is suitable for. Calibers like the 6.5 Creedmoor with about 3,000 Joules are suitable for medium game, while the .338 Lapua Magnum with up to 6,000 Joules is suitable even for the heaviest game.
Costs: For regular training, the .308 Winchester offers an excellent price-performance ratio. Specialty calibers like the .338 Lapua Magnum are significantly more expensive and are more suitable for targeted applications where maximum range and penetration power are required.
Choosing the Right Caliber for Your Needs
The choice of the ideal caliber depends on your individual requirements. Factors such as the desired shooting distance, the type of game, and your preferences regarding recoil and handling play a central role. Here is a brief overview to help you make your decision.
The .308 Winchester is an excellent choice for beginners and versatile applications. It impresses with its good availability, moderate recoil, and is ideal for regular training as well as hunting medium game – and that at distances of up to about 1,000 meters.
The 6.5 Creedmoor is known for its precision and low recoil. This modern caliber is ideal for competitions and hunting light to medium game. It offers an attractive option for shooters who value high accuracy.
When it comes to hunting large game or shooting at long distances, magnum calibers like the .300 Winchester Magnum or the .338 Lapua Magnum come into play. These calibers deliver the necessary energy and range but require experience in handling their stronger recoil.
Ultimately, the choice of caliber depends on your specific area of application. For example: A hunter pursuing red deer at distances over 300 meters will prefer the .300 Winchester Magnum due to its high penetration power. A sport shooter who regularly trains at 600 meters might choose the 6.5 Creedmoor to benefit from its precision.
It is advisable to test various loadings at your target distance while considering the German hunting regulations that specify minimum energies for certain game species.
With Gunfinder, you can quickly find the right weapon, ammunition, and accessories – even for less common calibers like the 6.5 PRC or the .338 Lapua Magnum.
FAQs
Which caliber is ideal for beginners in long-range shooting?
For beginners in long-range shooting, calibers that are easy to handle, have low recoil, and where the ammunition is easily available are ideal. A classic in this area is the .308 Winchester. It impresses with precision, versatility, and wide availability. Another frequently recommended option is the 6.5 Creedmoor, which is valued for its excellent ballistic properties and pleasant shooting dynamics.
Before deciding on a caliber, it is advisable to inform yourself thoroughly and, if possible, try out different calibers yourself. This way, you can find out which one best suits your needs and preferences.
How does the recoil of a caliber affect precision and handling?
The recoil of a caliber plays a crucial role in precision and weapon control. Strong recoil can cause the weapon to deviate from the target after the shot, significantly impairing accuracy.
Additionally, a strong recoil makes it more difficult to control the weapon safely – especially during rapid, successive shots. To remain precise and keep the weapon stable, it is essential to choose a caliber that fits both your shooting technique and personal comfort.
What legal requirements must you consider when choosing a caliber for hunting in Germany?
In Germany, there are clear legal regulations that must be observed when choosing a caliber for hunting. These requirements include the minimum caliber and the minimum energy that a cartridge must have to humanely take game species. For hunting ungulates, for example, a caliber with a minimum energy of 2,000 joules at 100 meters is often required.
Before deciding on a caliber, you should familiarize yourself with the current hunting laws in your federal state, as these can vary from region to region. If you are unsure, hunting schools, experienced hunters, or specialist dealers can provide you with advice and assistance.
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